MDS PREP
A patient with diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease is prescribed chloramphenicol for a bacterial infection. What is a potential adverse effect of this medication that requires careful monitoring in this patient population?
(1) Nephrotoxicity
(2) Hepatotoxicity
(3) Ototoxicity
(4) Neutropenia
Chloramphenicol is known to have nephrotoxic effects and can exacerbate pre-existing kidney damage. It is essential to monitor renal function closely in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease when administering this antibiotic.
A patient with severe nausea and vomiting is prescribed metoclopramide. What is the primary mechanism of action of metoclopramide?
(1) Antihistaminic action
(2) Dopamine antagonism in the CNS
(3) Muscarinic receptor antagonism
(4) 5-HT3 receptor antagonism
Metoclopramide acts primarily as a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist in the chemoreceptive trigger zone in the brain and in the gastrointestinal tract, which helps to reduce nausea and vomiting by decreasing gastric emptying and increasing gastric tone.
Which is a non-absorbable suture
1) Polypropylene
2) Polyglycollic acid
3) Vicryl
4) Collagen
Oral medicine
Answer: 1
1. Polypropylene: This is a synthetic, non-absorbable suture material known
for its strength and resistance to infection. It is commonly used in oral
surgery and dental procedures due to its non-reactive nature with tissues.
2. Polyglycollic acid: Polyglycollic acid is an absorbable suture material that
is broken down by hydrolysis.
3. Vicryl: Vicryl is a synthetic, absorbable suture material that is commonly
used in dentistry due to its good handling properties and tissue reactivity
profile.
4. Collagen: Collagen is a natural, absorbable suture material derived from
animal sources. It is biocompatible but not as strong as non-absorbable
materials and is absorbed by the body over time.
In a patient with nephrotic syndrome, which of the following is true regarding plasma cholesterol levels?
(1) Plasma cholesterol levels are decreased due to increased LDL receptors in the liver.
(2) Plasma cholesterol levels are increased due to the loss of cholesterol in urine.
(3) Plasma cholesterol levels are normal as the condition is unrelated to lipid metabolism.
(4) Plasma cholesterol levels are decreased due to increased hepatic synthesis of bile salts.
Nephrotic syndrome is associated with hyperlipidemia, particularly increased levels of LDL and cholesterol. The underlying mechanism involves the loss of albumin in the urine, which leads to hypoalbuminemia. This causes an increased synthesis of very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) by the liver to compensate for the loss of oncotic pressure. Additionally, the loss of proteins that normally bind to cholesterol in the blood, such as lipoproteins, results in decreased clearance of LDL.
Condition not associated with primary inflammation
1. Pregnancy
2. Dilantin therapy
3. Vit-C deficiency
4. Puberty
Oral Medicine
Answer: 2
Antibioma is
1) A tumour of fibrous tissue
2) Granulation tissue mass caused by antibiotics
3) Malignant tumour caused by antibiotics
4) None
Oral medicine
Answer: 2
An antibioma is a localized mass of granulation tissue that forms in response to the presence of antibiotics, often as a result of an infection. It is not a tumor in the traditional sense but rather a reactive tissue response to the antibiotic treatment.
What condition is NOT associated with osteoporosis?
1) Hypogonadism
2) Hyperthyroidism
3) Fluorosis
4) Hyperparathyroidism
Fluorosis is associated with osteosclerosis, not osteoporosis. It leads to increased bone density due to excessive deposition of fluoride.
In a patient with muscular dystrophy, which serum enzyme levels are likely to be elevated?
(1) Creatine phosphokinase (CK-2)
(2) Creatine phosphokinase (CK-3)
(3) Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
(4) Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
In muscular dystrophy, there is ongoing muscle fiber destruction and regeneration, which leads to the release of muscle enzymes into the bloodstream. CK-3 is the muscle-specific isoenzyme that is most commonly elevated in muscular dystrophies, indicating damage to skeletal muscles.