MDS PREP
Earliest symptom in acute appendicitis is
1) Pain
2) Fever
3) Vomiting
4) Rise of pulse rate
Oral medicine
Answer: 1
The earliest and most common symptom of acute appendicitis is abdominal pain. This pain often starts around the umbilical area and then migrates to the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. Other symptoms such as fever and vomiting typically occur after the onset of pain.
Which of the following is a common premedication for patients with valvular heart disease or congenital cardiac defects undergoing dental procedures to prevent bacterial endocarditis?
(1) Amoxicillin
(2) Clindamycin
(3) Cephalexin
(4) All of the above
Amoxicillin, clindamycin, and cephalexin are all commonly recommended as premedications for patients with valvular heart disease or congenital cardiac defects before dental procedures. The choice of antibiotic may depend on the patient's allergies and the type of infection.
In which condition is the plasma cholesterol level increased?
1) Hyperthyroidism
2) Obstructive jaundice
3) Nephrotic syndrome
4) Diabetes mellitus
Obstructive jaundice is associated with increased cholesterol levels due to impaired cholesterol metabolism.
How is chronic hepatitis typically defined?
(1) Asymptomatic with biochemical evidence of liver disease for less than 6 months
(2) Asymptomatic with histologically documented inflammation for less than 6 months
(3) Asymptomatic with serological evidence of hepatic disease for less than 6 months
(4) Asymptomatic with biochemical or serological evidence of liver disease for more than 6 months
Chronic hepatitis is characterized by the persistent presence of liver inflammation and damage, typically lasting for more than 6 months. It can be caused by various factors, including viral infections, alcohol abuse, autoimmune diseases, and metabolic disorders. The diagnosis is often made based on a combination of clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, and liver biopsy findings.
In the context of antitubercular therapy, which of the following is true about the metabolism of isoniazid and streptomycin?
(1) Both are metabolized in the liver
(2) Both are metabolized in the kidneys
(3) Isoniazid is metabolized in the liver, while streptomycin is metabolized in the kidneys
(4) Isoniazid is metabolized in the kidneys, while streptomycin is metabolized in the liver
Isoniazid is metabolized by the liver, while streptomycin is metabolized by the kidneys. This is important to consider when administering these drugs, especially in patients with hepatic or renal impairment.
A 2-year-old child is brought to the emergency department with fever and seizures. The child's mother reports that the child has been vomiting and has had diarrhea for the past 24 hours. What is the most likely diagnosis?
(1) Diabetic ketoacidosis
(2) Meningitis
(3) Sepsis
(4) Gastroenteritis
The combination of fever, vomiting, and diarrhea with seizures in a young child is more indicative of gastroenteritis, which can cause dehydration and electrolyte imbalances leading to seizures, rather than the other options listed.
Which of the following is a risk factor for developing atherosclerosis?
1) High HDL cholesterol
2) Low LDL cholesterol
3) High triglycerides
4) Low triglycerides
High triglycerides are a risk factor for atherosclerosis as they contribute to the formation of lipid-rich plaques in the arterial walls.
What is the normal respiratory rate for an adult?
1) 12-16 breaths/min
2) 16-20 breaths/min
3) 20-24 breaths/min
4) 24-30 breaths/min
The normal adult respiratory rate is typically between 12 and 16 breaths per minute.