MDS PREP
What is the normal respiratory rate for an adult?
1) 12-16 breaths/min
2) 16-20 breaths/min
3) 20-24 breaths/min
4) 24-30 breaths/min
The normal adult respiratory rate is typically between 12 and 16 breaths per minute.
Which is a non-absorbable suture
1) Polypropylene
2) Polyglycollic acid
3) Vicryl
4) Collagen
Oral medicine
Answer: 1
1. Polypropylene: This is a synthetic, non-absorbable suture material known
for its strength and resistance to infection. It is commonly used in oral
surgery and dental procedures due to its non-reactive nature with tissues.
2. Polyglycollic acid: Polyglycollic acid is an absorbable suture material that
is broken down by hydrolysis.
3. Vicryl: Vicryl is a synthetic, absorbable suture material that is commonly
used in dentistry due to its good handling properties and tissue reactivity
profile.
4. Collagen: Collagen is a natural, absorbable suture material derived from
animal sources. It is biocompatible but not as strong as non-absorbable
materials and is absorbed by the body over time.
What is the most common cause of chronic bronchitis?
(1) Smoking
(2) Viral infections
(3) Bacterial infections
(4) Air pollution
Chronic bronchitis is most commonly caused by smoking. It is characterized by chronic inflammation of the bronchial tubes, leading to excess mucus production and coughing. Other causes include long-term exposure to irritants like air pollution and repeated respiratory infections.
What is the primary function of the aortic valve?
(1) To prevent backflow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole
(2) To prevent backflow of blood from the pulmonary artery into the right ventricle during diastole
(3) To prevent backflow of blood from the pulmonary vein into the left atrium during systole
(4) To prevent backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium during systole
The aortic valve is located between the left ventricle and the aorta and is responsible for preventing the backflow of blood into the left ventricle during systole, ensuring that blood is efficiently pumped out of the heart into the systemic circulation.
In which condition is the plasma cholesterol level increased?
1) Hyperthyroidism
2) Obstructive jaundice
3) Nephrotic syndrome
4) Diabetes mellitus
Obstructive jaundice is associated with increased cholesterol levels due to impaired cholesterol metabolism.
A patient with known hypertension is started on clonidine therapy. Which of the following is a potential side effect of this medication?
(1) Increased heart rate
(2) Peripheral edema
(3) Sexual dysfunction
(4) Diarrhea
Clonidine is a centrally acting antihypertensive that reduces blood pressure by decreasing sympathetic outflow. It can sometimes cause bradycardia rather than increased heart rate. Other common side effects include dry mouth, dizziness, and sedation.
What is the primary mode of diagnosis for Huntington's disease?
1) Brain MRI
2) Genetic testing
3) Clinical examination and family history
4) Cerebral spinal fluid analysis
The primary mode of diagnosis for Huntington's disease is genetic testing. It involves identifying the expansion of a trinucleotide repeat (CAG) in the HTT gene on chromosome 4.
What is the typical age of onset for Huntington's disease?
(1) Childhood
(2) Fourth or fifth decade
(3) Seventh or eighth decade
(4) Second or third decade
Huntington's disease typically begins in the fourth or fifth decade of life. It is an autosomal dominant disorder that affects both men and women, and the symptoms include chorea, behavioral disturbances, and cognitive decline. While there is a wide range in age of onset, the average age of symptom manifestation is around 30 to 50 years.