NEET MDS Shorts
75094
Oral PathologyMuscle cells are the most radioresistant cells.
58833
General Medicine
Ceruloplasmin is a protein synthesized in the liver and is the major copper-transporting protein in the bloodstream. It is essential for the maintenance of iron homeostasis and the metabolism of iron and copper.
36805
PeriodonticsCraters in facial and lingual interdental bone are best eliminated by osseous regeneration procedures.
56934
AnatomyImmediately following the closure of the A-V valves is the period of Isometric relaxation
44449
Oral PathologyIn thalassemia, there is actually a DECREASE (not increase) in globin chain production - either alpha or beta chains depending on the type. This imbalanced globin chain synthesis leads to unstable hemoglobin, increased erythrocyte fragility, hemolysis, and subsequent hypochromic microcytic anemia. Therefore, statement 1 is false, making it the correct answer to what is NOT true about thalassemia.
86443
ProsthodonticsWhich of the following is true regarding immediate complete dentures: dentures should be relined or remade in 6-12 months.
44828
Oral SurgeryPenicillin is most effective against gram-positive bacteria due to the structure of their cell walls. Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer that is easily targeted by penicillin, which inhibits the synthesis of this essential cell wall component.
31264
EndodonticsRC-prep is a combination of EDTA with urea peroxide. This chelating and lubricating agent: 1) Contains 15% EDTA for chelation of calcium ions in dentin, 2) Contains 10% urea peroxide for effervescent action and debris removal, 3) Helps soften dentin and remove smear layer, 4) Provides lubrication during instrumentation, 5) Has antimicrobial properties. The combination provides both chemical (EDTA) and physical (effervescence) cleaning action, making instrumentation more efficient and effective in removing both organic and inorganic debris from root canals.
81726
Physiology
Diabetic insipidus is due to the lack of 4. A.D.H. (Antidiuretic hormone).
Explanation:
Diabetic insipidus (DI) is a condition characterized by the production of large
volumes of dilute urine due to the lack of the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or the
body's inability to respond to it. It is different from diabetes mellitus, which
involves problems with insulin and blood sugar regulation.
1. Insulin: Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that plays a critical
role in regulating blood sugar levels. A deficiency or resistance to insulin
leads to diabetes mellitus, not diabetic insipidus. Diabetes mellitus is
characterized by hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) and increased thirst and urine
production due to the inability of the kidneys to reabsorb glucose properly.
2. Angiotensin: Angiotensin is a hormone system that plays a role in the
regulation of blood pressure and fluid balance. It is involved in the
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). While it is crucial for maintaining
blood pressure, it is not directly related to the pathophysiology of diabetic
insipidus.
3. Aldosterone: Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid hormone produced by the
adrenal glands. It helps regulate sodium and potassium levels in the body, which
in turn affects fluid and blood volume. While it is essential for electrolyte
and fluid balance, it does not cause diabetic insipidus when lacking.
4. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH): ADH is a hormone produced by the hypothalamus and
stored in the posterior pituitary gland. It acts on the kidneys to increase
water reabsorption, which leads to the production of concentrated urine. In
diabetic insipidus, there is either a deficiency of ADH or the kidneys fail to
respond to it adequately. This results in the kidneys being unable to reabsorb
enough water, leading to the production of large volumes of dilute urine and
increased thirst.
There are two main types of diabetic insipidus: central and nephrogenic. Central
DI occurs when the pituitary gland does not produce enough ADH, while
nephrogenic DI results from the kidneys' inability to respond to ADH. Both types
lead to an imbalance in water regulation and can cause symptoms such as polyuria
(excessive urine production), polydipsia (excessive thirst), and dehydration if
not managed properly.
To treat diabetic insipidus, the underlying cause must be addressed. If it is
central DI, synthetic ADH (desmopressin) is administered to replace the missing
hormone. If it is nephrogenic DI, the treatment focuses on addressing the
kidney's response to ADH and managing symptoms such as maintaining fluid intake
and sometimes medications to reduce urine output.
59338
INI CET
The trigeminovagal reflex is a parasympathetic response typically causing bradycardia and hypotension. Hypertension (high blood pressure) is not a feature of this reflex.