NEET MDS Shorts
81144
General Medicine
The toxins produced by Clostridium difficile cause ribosylation of small GTPases like Rho, leading to disruption of the actin cytoskeleton, increased cytokine release, and epithelial cell apoptosis, which in turn results in the formation of pseudomembranes and the symptoms of pseudomembranous colitis.
51841
Dental Materials
The hybrid layer formed by the infiltration of resin into the etched dentin provides a strong mechanical interlock and acts as a barrier to prevent microleakage between the restoration and the tooth structure.
75267
General PathologyHyperparathyroidism and pseudohypoparathyroidism can lead to bone demineralization, while osteopetrosis is characterized by increased bone density.
26802
Dental AnatomyThe largest and longest root canal of the maxillary second molar is the lingual
49173
General Medicine
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is characterized by the accumulation of mature-looking but functionally incompetent lymphocytes in the blood, bone marrow, and lymphoid tissues. Common physical examination findings include splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, and hepatomegaly due to infiltration by leukemic cells.
83937
EndodonticsExtensive bone loss is a contraindication for apicoectomy as it indicates poor prognosis and inadequate bone support. Overfilled canals and lateral perforations are actually indications for surgical intervention.
76038
NEETMDSThe characteristic histopathological feature of ameloblastoma is the presence of islands of epithelial cells with peripheral palisading columnar cells and a central area resembling the stellate reticulum of the developing tooth germ. This central area is composed of loose, angular cells.
33144
PeriodonticsBacterial invasion of connective tissue in ANUG was demonstrated by Listgarten.
46518
Oral PathologyCariogenic streptococci, particularly Streptococcus mutans, synthesize extracellular polysaccharides when exposed to high levels of sucrose. These polysaccharides are primarily dextran-like glucans, which are formed from the polymerization of glucose units. Dextran contributes to the formation of dental plaque and biofilm, facilitating the adherence of bacteria to tooth surfaces and promoting caries development.
35892
NEETMDS
Facilitated diffusion is a type of passive transport, meaning it does not require energy (ATP). It involves the movement of substances down their concentration gradient with the help of specific carrier proteins or channel proteins embedded in the cell membrane.
Creatine phosphate is involved in providing energy for muscle contraction, not facilitated diffusion.