76050

The purpose of root canal sealer is to fill the space between solid core material and the pulp canal walls. Root canal sealers serve to: 1) Fill irregularities and accessory canals not occupied by gutta-percha, 2) Create intimate adaptation between core material and canal walls, 3) Provide antimicrobial action in residual bacteria, 4) Seal dentinal tubules to prevent bacterial penetration, 5) Act as lubricant during gutta-percha placement. While sealers may have some biological properties, their primary function is mechanical - filling voids and creating hermetic seal around the core material.

87437

68310

Diuretics increase sodium loss in urine and increase lithium retention. Hence they should not be used in patients on Lithium.

96049

Anti-Smith (anti-Sm) antibodies are highly specific for SLE and are found in about 20-30% of patients. While antinuclear antibodies and anti-double stranded DNA antibodies are also associated with SLE, they are less specific as they can also be present in other conditions.

17024

Long-acting beta-agonists (LABAs) can contribute to symptoms of increasing shortness of breath in patients with COPD.

67305

Lead poisoning causes microcytic, hypocromic anemia by interfering with heme synthesis and globin synthesis, and by increasing red blood cell destruction. The primary mechanism is the inhibition of several key enzymes in the heme biosynthesis pathway, notably \(\delta \)-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) and ferrochelatase. The inhibition of these enzymes leads to the accumulation of heme precursors and a decrease in the amount of heme available for incorporation into hemoglobin, resulting in anemia.

66944

The tongue develops and matures early. The tip of the tongue is one of the first soft tissues in the orofacial region to mature.

33766

In an average child the mixed dentition period is from 6 yrs to 13 y

59477

Sodium hypochlorite is commonly used as an irrigating solution with ultrasonic instruments in endodontic treatment for its antimicrobial properties. It helps in the cleaning and disinfection of the root canal system by removing organic debris and bacteria. Normal saline, hydrogen peroxide, and chloramine are also used as irrigants, but sodium hypochlorite is the most effective in eliminating bacteria.

63581

Grids are used to remove scattered radiation from the X-ray beam.