NEET MDS Shorts
88187
General Medicine
While wheezing can occur in patients with COPD, it is not a common physical examination finding.
29795
NEETMDS
Verapamil is actually a drug of choice for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT). It is a calcium channel blocker that depresses Ca++ mediated depolarization. It does not produce reflex tachycardia and can cause constipation.
55960
NEETMDS
Advantages of fiber posts over metal posts include bonding to dentin, better esthetics, and a modulus of elasticity similar to dentin, which reduces the risk of root fracture.
78836
Orthodontics
Midline diastema Etiology Normal developing dentition - (Ugly Ducking Stage) Parafunctional habits Retrognathic mandible/ Prognathic mandible Frenum attachments Pathological (Juvenile periodontitis)
- Flaccid lips along with poor muscle tone
- Simple Tongue thrust can cause anterior open bite as well as diastema
- Thumb sucking or digit sucking for a prolonged time period
Mesio-distal angulation of teeth
Tooth anomalies (eg. supernumerary teeth, peg laterals, absence of laterals)
41757
General PathologyAsymmetric arthritis is not a typical symptom of rheumatoid arthritis; it usually presents as symmetric polyarthritis.
42810
ProsthodonticsThe direction of the resorption of the maxillary ridge is upwards and lingually.
90931
Oral SurgeryA hypoglycemic episode occurs when a person's blood sugar levels drop too low. For a diabetic patient on insulin, insulin helps move glucose from the blood into the cells, lowering blood sugar levels. If a patient takes their usual dose of insulin but then omits a meal, such as breakfast, there is not enough glucose entering the bloodstream from food to balance the effect of the insulin. This leads to an excessive drop in blood sugar, resulting in hypoglycemia.
11713
Pathology
Oncofoetal antigens are substances that are normally present in the
developing fetus but are found in abnormally high quantities in the tissues of
certain cancer cells. These antigens are proteins that can be used as markers
for the detection of certain types of cancers. The presence of these antigens in
cancer cells suggests that the tumor cells have partially reverted to a more
primitive, embryonic stage of development.
Explanation for each option:
1. á-Fetoprotein (AFP): This is an oncofoetal antigen. It is a glycoprotein that
is produced by the liver cells of the developing fetus. In adults, the
production of AFP is usually very low. However, in cases of certain cancers such
as hepatocellular carcinoma (primary liver cancer) and some types of testicular
cancer, the tumor cells start producing AFP in large amounts. Therefore, high
levels of AFP in the blood can be indicative of these cancers.
2. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA): CEA is another example of an oncofoetal
antigen. It is a glycoprotein that is present in the gastrointestinal tract,
pancreas, and sometimes in the respiratory and reproductive systems of a
developing fetus. In adults, CEA levels are typically very low. However, in
certain types of cancers, such as colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, and some
forms of lung, pancreatic, and breast cancer, the tumor cells may start
producing large amounts of CEA, which can be detected in the blood and used as a
tumor marker for these malignancies.
3. A and B: Both α-fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen are examples of
oncofoetal antigens, so this option is correct.
44706
ProsthodonticsWhen drilling cylindrical implant sites in bone, the following is false: only speeds above 20,000 rpm should be used in drilling.
75713
NEETMDS
Pellagra is a disease caused by a severe deficiency of niacin (vitamin B3). It is classically characterized by the "three Ds": dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia. If left untreated, it can lead to death, the fourth "D". Dermatitis: A symmetrical skin rash often appears on areas exposed to sunlight. Diarrhea: Gastrointestinal issues are common. Dementia: Neurological symptoms can include confusion, disorientation, and memory loss.