NEET MDS Shorts
94938
Oral medicineTrismus in parapharyngeal abscess is due to spasm of the medial pterygoid muscle. The infection in the parapharyngeal space causes irritation and reflex spasm of this muscle, which is closely related anatomically to this space, resulting in restricted mouth opening.
85916
Oral Surgery
Hyperglobulinemia, an excess of globulins in the blood, is a common feature
in immune-mediated and inflammatory conditions.
Wegener's granulomatosis (now known as granulomatosis with polyangiitis) is an
autoimmune disease where hyperglobulinemia, particularly elevated IgA levels, is
frequently observed.
Multiple myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells that characteristically produces a
large amount of a single type of immunoglobulin (paraprotein), which causes a
significant increase in total globulin levels.
Hodgkin's disease (Hodgkin lymphoma) is a type of lymphoma that can also be
associated with elevated globulin levels due to the body's inflammatory
response.
Amyloidosis involves the abnormal deposition of insoluble protein fibrils in
tissues. While some forms of amyloidosis are related to multiple myeloma
(primary amyloidosis), the condition itself is defined by protein deposition,
not by high levels of circulating globulins in the blood.
52014
PhysiologyPrincipal cells in the late distal tubule and cortical collecting tubules are responsible for potassium secretion, which is essential for maintaining electrolyte balance.
58413
INI CET
The baroreceptor reflex is a key mechanism for maintaining blood pressure homeostasis through negative feedback. When blood pressure deviates from the set point, baroreceptors in the carotid sinus and aortic arch trigger responses to counteract the change and return pressure to normal.
78550
General Medicine
Pinhead stippling of the skull is a sign of increased osteoclastic activity, which is characteristic of hyperparathyroidism. It represents resorption of the outer layer of the bone and is most prominent in the calvaria.
60011
PhysiologyDuring the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, estrogen stimulates follicular development, promoting the maturation of ovarian follicles.
33909
Dental Materials
An impression compound is a type of material used in dentistry to take
impressions of the oral cavity. It is a reversible hydrocolloid that can be
manipulated and shaped at room temperature and then changes to a gel-like state
when it absorbs moisture and heat from the oral cavity. The setting process of
an impression compound is not accelerated by a warm, humid day; rather, it is
the presence of moisture and the body's temperature that cause it to set.
30900
General Medicine
Acute alcoholic hepatitis typically presents with fever, jaundice, and right upper quadrant abdominal pain. It is characterized by hepatocellular necrosis and inflammation.
24191
Oral PathologyThe prognosis of epidermoid carcinoma (squamous cell carcinoma) is generally considered least favorable in the posterior lateral border of the tongue compared to the lower lip, upper lip, or hard palate because the tongue has a rich lymphatic supply, leading to a higher risk of early metastasis to regional lymph nodes.
19422
Oral PathologyFibrous ankylosis is the most common complication of rheumatoid arthritis involving the TMJ. RA causes chronic synovitis, leading to destruction of articular cartilage and subchondral bone. This inflammatory process results in scar tissue formation and fibrous adhesions between articular surfaces, causing restricted mouth opening. While condylar resorption may occur, fibrous ankylosis is more frequent and characteristic of RA progression.