NEET MDS Shorts
87494
General MicrobiologyAmoebic dysentery, caused by the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica, is characterized by the presence of ghost cells in the stool. Ghost cells are the remnants of red blood cells that have been phagocytosed by the amoeba. These cells are ingested and their cytoplasm is removed, leaving only the cell membrane, which gives them a "ghost-like" appearance under the microscope. This feature helps distinguish amoebic dysentery from bacillary dysentery, which is caused by bacteria such as Shigella species. Bacillary dysentery typically shows the presence of white blood cells (pus cells) and red blood cells in the stool, but not ghost cells.
48528
ProsthodonticsExplanation: The appropriate size of the bur for preparing a lingual rest seat for a removable partial denture (RPD) is typically 1/4th inch. This size allows for the proper shaping and contouring of the rest seat to ensure a secure fit for the prosthesis.
64591
Oral Medicine
Neurofibromatosis type 1 is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by a mutation in the NF1 gene, which produces neurofibromin. The gene is located on chromosome 17.
79980
EndodonticsEndodontic surgery (apicoectomy) is contraindicated in several situations: 1) Medically compromised patients with uncontrolled diabetes, bleeding disorders, immunocompromised states, or severe cardiovascular disease pose surgical risks, 2) Mandibular lingual molar area has high risk of lingual nerve damage and difficulty in access due to anatomical constraints, 3) Tooth close to maxillary sinus has risk of creating oro-antral communication or pushing infected material into the sinus. All these conditions make endodontic surgery inadvisable.
72304
ProsthodonticsExplanation: The medial pterygoid muscle primarily functions to move the mandible medially and assist in closing the jaw. It does not directly influence the borders of a maxillary denture in the region of the pterygomaxillary notch. Instead, it is involved in the movement of the mandible and may indirectly affect the fit and stability of the denture.
45150
PedodonticsA "V" shaped bone loss is seen in trauma from occlusion.
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INI CET
Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) cannot be measured by simple spirometry because it includes the Residual Volume (RV), which is the air that never leaves the lungs. It requires helium dilution or body plethysmography.
[Image of lung volumes and capacities graph]
25176
Oral PathologyA black line on the gingiva which follows the contour of the margin is due to mercury.
86471
EndodonticsVertical fractures of root seen with gutta-percha obturation are due to the vertical compression of warm gutta-percha points. This occurs because: 1) Excessive vertical pressure during warm gutta-percha condensation, 2) High temperatures make the material expand and contract, creating stress, 3) Continuous downward pressure can exceed the tensile strength of dentin, 4) Thin-walled roots are particularly susceptible, 5) Over-condensation attempts to achieve dense packing. Lateral condensation and spreader use typically cause horizontal stress, not vertical fractures. Proper technique with controlled pressure helps prevent this complication.
64200
PeriodonticsA black line on the gingiva which follows the contour of the margin is due to mercury.