NEET MDS Shorts
16849
PeriodonticsAntihistamines are not typically associated with significant effects on periodontal therapy. In contrast, propranolol (a beta-blocker), sodium warfarin (an anticoagulant), and corticosteroids can all influence periodontal health and treatment outcomes.
65011
Conservative Dentistry
The term "stepping" refers to a specific technique used during the compaction (condensation) of direct gold restorations.
81389
ProsthodonticsIn a bilateral distal extension RPD, abutment teeth are crucial for the stability and support of the prosthesis. However, it is not ideal to have retention buccally on one side and lingually on the other side as this can lead to tipping and rotation of the denture during function, compromising its stability. Instead, both buccal and lingual retention is preferred for a more balanced and predictable outcome.
39969
ProsthodonticsThe T-clasp is used when the retentive undercut on the abutment tooth is located adjacent to the edentulous space. This design allows the clasp to engage the undercut on the tissue side of the tooth, providing retention while the reciprocal arm stabilizes from the opposite side. This is particularly useful in distal extension situations.
73105
Oral SurgeryPatients under steroid therapy requiring extraction of infected teeth need antibiotic premedication. Chronic steroid use suppresses immune function, increasing infection risk and impairing wound healing. Prophylactic antibiotics help prevent post-operative infections and complications in these immunocompromised patients, especially when extracting already infected teeth.
35447
Physiology
GABA is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a crucial role in reducing the excitability of neurons and contributing to the regulation of neural circuits and synaptic plasticity.
61754
Pharmacology
Cephalosporins with antipseudomonal action:
Cefoperazone Ceftazidime
45784
OrthodonticsThe primary aim of the Frankel appliance is to influence the outer neuromuscular envelope, promoting proper muscle function and jaw positioning.
56184
Microbiology
The biologic standard used to test the efficiency of sterilization typically
involves the use of spores of a harmless bacillus. This method is widely
recognized in the scientific community and is based on the principle that if a
sterilization process can effectively destroy the most heat-resistant
microorganisms, it is assumed to be capable of killing all other less resistant
microbes.
The choice of using spores of a harmless bacillus is rooted in the fact that
bacterial spores are the most heat-resistant forms of microbial life. Spores are
metabolically inactive, which makes them very hardy and capable of surviving in
adverse environmental conditions for extended periods. For sterilization
validation, scientists often employ a biological indicator that contains spores
of a known heat-resistant bacterium, such as Geobacillus stearothermophilus
(formerly Bacillus stearothermophilus) or Bacillus subtilis. These organisms are
chosen because they have well-characterized resistance profiles, and their
destruction indicates that the sterilization process has achieved the necessary
lethality to eradicate all microbial life forms, including vegetative bacteria,
fungi, and viruses.
Let's examine the other options provided:
1. Spores of Clostridium tetani: While C. tetani is a spore-forming bacterium,
its spores are not commonly used as a biological indicator for sterilization
efficiency. C. tetani is a pathogen that causes tetanus, a serious disease.
However, it is not typically used for this purpose because there are safer and
more universally accepted biological indicators available.
2. Streptococcus pneumoniae: S. pneumoniae is a bacterium that can cause
pneumonia and other infections, but it is not a spore-former. Moreover, it is
generally less resistant to heat and sterilization methods compared to
spore-forming bacteria. Thus, it is not suitable as a standard for testing
sterilization efficiency.
3. Spores of a harmless bacillus: As previously mentioned, this is the most
appropriate choice for a biologic standard in sterilization testing. These
spores serve as reliable and safe indicators of sterilization efficacy because
they mimic the resistance of pathogenic spores without posing the actual risk of
infection.
4. Infectious hepatitis virus: While viruses can be highly resistant to some
sterilization methods, they are generally more sensitive to heat than bacterial
spores. Moreover, using infectious viruses as biological indicators poses
significant biosafety risks and is not a standard practice in routine
sterilization testing. For viral resistance testing, specific viruses or
virus-like particles may be used, but these are not typically employed as the
primary biological indicators for sterilization validation due to the complexity
and high containment requirements of such testing.
95019
PedodonticsThe total number of centric cusps is 6 in maxillary and 7 in mandibular.