83761

Prothrombin time should be preferred to ascertain fitness for extraction in a patient on warfarin.

33415

The primary objective of scaling and root planing is to restore the gingival tissue to health.

64826

Prothrombin production in the liver is dependent upon Vitamin K intake

18314

A deficiency in protein C is a thrombophilia that leads to an increased risk of blood clots. This condition can manifest as deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which causes pain in the calf muscles, and can also lead to recurrent miscarriages due to blood clots forming in the placenta.

32615

Loose crown: May cause discomfort but usually not pain on percussion or mobility of the tooth itself.

Tooth fracture: Can cause pain, but mobility is not a typical feature unless the fracture is severe.

Psychosomatic: Pain perception without clinical findings, but here mobility is present, so it’s not psychosomatic.

Eccentric contact: Premature or abnormal occlusal contact leads to trauma from occlusion. This causes inflammation in the periodontal ligament, resulting in pain on percussion and slight mobility.

82020

Hashimoto's thyroiditis is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in adults leading to myxedema.

63616

Dilacerated roots (roots with a sharp bend or curve) make extraction difficult because the curved shape can lock the tooth into the socket, requiring careful surgical removal.
Nonvital teeth (dead teeth) are often more brittle and prone to fracture during extraction attempts.
Hypercementosis of roots (excessive buildup of cementum on the roots) increases the root's bulk, making it harder to fit through the alveolar bone and socket during extraction.
Sharp cusps are part of the tooth's crown and do not affect the difficulty of extraction, which primarily depends on the root morphology and surrounding bone structure.

31774

The best procedure to correct bimaxillary protrusion is extraction of four premolars and anterior alveolar segment repositioning. Bimaxillary protrusion is a condition where both the upper and lower jaws are positioned too far forward. This can be corrected by extracting the four premolars (two from the upper and two from the lower jaw) to create space for the teeth to move backward and then repositioning the anterior alveolar segments (the bone and gum tissue holding the front teeth) to achieve a more favorable facial profile and occlusion. This approach addresses the protrusion of both jaws simultaneously and is more effective than the other options listed, which are more targeted at specific jaw issues (mandibular body osteotomy and subcondylar osteotomy) and not as comprehensive for bimaxillary protrusion cases.

29084

Skeletal fluorosis is a chronic metabolic bone and joint disease caused by excessive intake of fluoride, typically through drinking water with high fluoride concentrations over many years. The condition usually develops when fluoride levels in drinking water are consistently in the range of 3-6 parts per million (ppm) or higher

39814

Centric relation is best defined as the relation of the mandible to the maxilla when the condyles are in their most posterior position in the glenoid fossae.