NEET MDS Shorts
55614
Oral Medicine
Phenytoin, cyclosporine, and nifedipine are well-known medications that can
cause gingival enlargement (gingival hyperplasia or gingival changes) as a side
effect.
Phenytoin is an anticonvulsant used to treat epilepsy.
Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressant used to prevent organ rejection in
transplant patients and to treat autoimmune diseases.
Nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker used to treat high blood pressure and
angina.
85734
RadiologyAll of the following are radiolucent except cementoblastoma.
99005
Oral PathologyMuscular overextension and overcontraction is the primary causative factor for MPDS. This occurs due to parafunctional habits (bruxism, clenching), stress, malocclusion, or postural problems leading to muscle fatigue, spasm, and pain. The cycle of muscle tension, pain, and further spasm perpetuates the condition. Infratemporal space infection, auriculotemporal neuritis, and otitis media are not primary causes of MPDS.
82294
Endodontics
41587
ProsthodonticsKennedy-Applegate Class VI (missing canine) is probably the first edentulous situation to occur in the dental arch. Canines are often lost due to their prominent position making them susceptible to trauma, or due to orthodontic extractions. This single tooth loss typically occurs before more extensive edentulous patterns develop.
11104
Oral Medicine
Chloramphenicol is known to have nephrotoxic effects and can exacerbate pre-existing kidney damage. It is essential to monitor renal function closely in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease when administering this antibiotic.
11026
General PathologyTay-Sachs disease is characterized by a deficiency of hexosaminidase A, leading to neurodegeneration, mental retardation, and blindness in affected infants.
43835
Periodontics
74467
General Medicine
The heat-labile toxin (LT) of ETEC is similar to cholera toxin and acts by increasing intracellular cAMP levels in enterocytes, leading to excessive chloride and fluid secretion into the lumen of the gut, resulting in diarrhea.
44361
Orthodontics
SOLUTION The two major symptoms of severe crowding in the early mixed dentition are severe irregularity of the erupting permanent incisors and early loss of primary canines caused by eruption of the permanent lateral incisors. The children with the largest arch length discrepancies often have reasonably well aligned incisors in the early mixed dentition, because both primary canines were lost when the lateral incisors erupted After a definitive analysis of the profile and incisor position, these patients face the same decision as those with moderate crowding; whether to expand the arches or extract permanent teeth. In the presence of severe crowding, limited treatment of the problem will not be sufficient and permanent tooth extraction is most likely the best alternative.