NEET MDS Shorts
68487
Oral Medicine
The rash in scarlet fever is characterized by small, raised, red bumps that feel like sandpaper when touched. These bumps, known as "Pastia lines," are particularly prominent in skin folds. The rash is caused by the exotoxins produced by Streptococcus pyogenes and typically occurs with a strep throat infection.
64591
Oral Medicine
Neurofibromatosis type 1 is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by a mutation in the NF1 gene, which produces neurofibromin. The gene is located on chromosome 17.
36216
Oral medicineMalherbe's epithelioma, also known as calcifying epithelioma, is typically a benign tumor that is more common in children and young adults rather than adults. It is characterized by solitary, hard tumors that are often found on the neck, face, and arms. The other options accurately describe the characteristics of Malherbe's epithelioma.
98831
Oral Medicine
Paget's disease is characterized by excessive and abnormal bone remodeling, which results in increased bone turnover. This increased turnover is reflected in the serum by high levels of alkaline phosphatase, an enzyme involved in bone formation. While calcium and phosphorus levels may be affected in some cases, the hallmark biochemical abnormality in Paget's disease is elevated alkaline phosphatase.
74521
Oral Medicine
Huntington's disease is a relatively rare genetic disorder with a prevalence of approximately 1 in 10,000 individuals. It is an autosomal dominant condition, meaning that a person only needs to inherit one copy of the mutated gene from a parent to develop the disease. The onset is typically in the fourth or fifth decade of life, and it is characterized by chorea, behavioral disturbances, and progressive cognitive decline.
89279
Oral Medicine
The most common site of venous thrombosis in patients with cancer is the deep veins of the lower extremities, often referred to as deep vein thrombosis (DVT). This is due to a combination of factors such as immobility, cancer-induced hypercoagulability, and damage to the vessels from tumor infiltration or surgery.
21713
Oral Medicinegeneral anesthesia,specifically nitrous oxide is contraindicated if the child is running a common cold and having slight fever on the day of surgery
77400
Oral Medicine
PTHrP is a protein that is structurally similar to parathyroid hormone (PTH) but is produced by some tumor cells. It acts on the PTH receptor, leading to increased calcium levels in the blood, similar to PTH. HHM is most often associated with overproduction of PTHrP by tumors, causing hypercalcemia without the typical elevation in PTH levels seen in primary hyperparathyroidism.
80113
Oral Medicine
The primary cellular defect caused by HIV infection is the depletion of CD4+ T-helper cells, which are essential for a properly functioning immune system. This leads to a compromised immune system that is susceptible to opportunistic infections.
56901
Oral medicine"Dancing eye" syndrome (opsoclonus-myoclonus) may be seen with neuroblastoma. This paraneoplastic syndrome occurs in about 2-3% of children with neuroblastoma and is characterized by chaotic eye movements and myoclonic jerks. It is an immune-mediated phenomenon.