NEET MDS Shorts
53667
Oral SurgeryPatients who are allergic to PABA (para-aminobenzoic acid) are likely to be allergic to tetracaine. This is because PABA is a common metabolite of amide-type local anesthetics, and tetracaine is also an amide anesthetic. Lignocaine and prilocaine are both ester-type anesthetics, which have different chemical structures and metabolic pathways, making an allergic reaction less likely in a patient with a PABA allergy. Carbocaine is a derivative of mepivacaine, which is also an amide, but the specificity of the allergy may not necessarily cross-react with all amide anesthetics.
82298
Oral Surgery
After a myocardial infarction (MI), elective dental treatment is generally deferred for at least 6 months because of the risk of reinfarction.
However, if urgent treatment such as full mouth extractions is required within 6 months, it must be done with special precautions.
Since the patient is on anticoagulant therapy, the prothrombin time (PT/INR) must be checked and controlled to reduce bleeding risk.
The safest approach is:
Hospitalize the patient for monitoring.
Control PT/INR before surgery.
Perform extractions under local anesthesia (general anesthesia carries higher cardiovascular risk).
28511
Oral Surgery
42259
Oral SurgeryThe most common type of mandibular third molar impaction is mesioangular,
76872
Oral Surgery
Severe acidosis, particularly metabolic acidosis, can occur following
prolonged cardiac arrest and subsequent CPR. The primary goal in managing such
cases is to restore normal pH levels in the body, which is crucial for proper
cellular function and overall physiological homeostasis. 1. Sodium bicarbonate Sodium bicarbonate is a strong base that reacts with
hydrogen ions (H+), which are responsible for acidity in the blood, to form
carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). This reaction helps to neutralize the
excess hydrogen ions, thereby raising the pH of the blood. It is administered
intravenously because it allows for rapid distribution throughout the body and
direct access to the circulatory system where it can counteract acidosis most
effectively. The intravenous route ensures that the medication reaches the
bloodstream quickly and in a controlled manner, making it the preferred method
for acute and severe cases.
2. Adrenaline (epinephrine)*: Although adrenaline is a crucial medication used
in CPR for its vasopressor and cardiac stimulant effects, it is not the primary
treatment for severe acidosis. Adrenaline is typically administered to improve
cardiac output and blood pressure during CPR.
74197
Oral SurgeryThe first objective in the treatment of acute pericoronitis is to control the acute inflammation. Once the inflammation is managed, definitive treatment such as removal of the mandibular third molar can be performed.
47022
Oral SurgeryThe anterior palatine nerve block anaesthetizes the posterior portion of the hard palate and the overlying tissues up to the first premolar. It does not typically anaesthetize the upper lip, lateral surface of the nose, or lower eyelid, which are innervated by different branches of the trigeminal nerve.
55548
Oral SurgeryThe following factors play a role and cause variations in susceptibility of sensory nerve fibers to local anaesthesia: diameter of the nerve fiber, distance between nodes of Ranvier, and length of nerve fiber.
78938
Oral SurgeryTo luxate a tooth with forceps, the movements should be firm and deliberate primarily to the facial surface with secondary movements to the lingual surface.
89184
Oral SurgeryLongest acting local anaesthetic is Bupivacaine.