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NEET MDS Shorts

53667
Oral Surgery

Patients who are allergic to PABA (para-aminobenzoic acid) are likely to be allergic to tetracaine. This is because PABA is a common metabolite of amide-type local anesthetics, and tetracaine is also an amide anesthetic. Lignocaine and prilocaine are both ester-type anesthetics, which have different chemical structures and metabolic pathways, making an allergic reaction less likely in a patient with a PABA allergy. Carbocaine is a derivative of mepivacaine, which is also an amide, but the specificity of the allergy may not necessarily cross-react with all amide anesthetics.

82298
Oral Surgery

After a myocardial infarction (MI), elective dental treatment is generally deferred for at least 6 months because of the risk of reinfarction.
However, if urgent treatment such as full mouth extractions is required within 6 months, it must be done with special precautions.
Since the patient is on anticoagulant therapy, the prothrombin time (PT/INR) must be checked and controlled to reduce bleeding risk.
The safest approach is:
Hospitalize the patient for monitoring.
Control PT/INR before surgery.
Perform extractions under local anesthesia (general anesthesia carries higher cardiovascular risk).

28511
Oral Surgery

Stage I
Stage I of anaesthesia is the stage of analgesia or conscious sedation. In this stage, the patient is conscious but drowsy, experiences a decrease in pain sensation, and may have amnesia. It is the initial stage following the administration of an anaesthetic agent.

2) Stage II

Stage II is the delirium or excitement stage. During this stage, the patient may be unconscious, experience involuntary movements, irregular breathing, and be at risk of vomiting.

3) Stage III plane 1

Stage III is the surgical anaesthesia stage, divided into four planes. Plane 1 involves light surgical anaesthesia, characterized by regular breathing and eye movements.

4) Stage III plane 2

Plane 2 of Stage III is moderate surgical anaesthesia. Breathing is regular, and eye movements cease.

42259
Oral Surgery

The most common type of mandibular third molar impaction is mesioangular,

76872
Oral Surgery

Severe acidosis, particularly metabolic acidosis, can occur following prolonged cardiac arrest and subsequent CPR. The primary goal in managing such cases is to restore normal pH levels in the body, which is crucial for proper cellular function and overall physiological homeostasis.

1. Sodium bicarbonate Sodium bicarbonate is a strong base that reacts with hydrogen ions (H+), which are responsible for acidity in the blood, to form carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). This reaction helps to neutralize the excess hydrogen ions, thereby raising the pH of the blood. It is administered intravenously because it allows for rapid distribution throughout the body and direct access to the circulatory system where it can counteract acidosis most effectively. The intravenous route ensures that the medication reaches the bloodstream quickly and in a controlled manner, making it the preferred method for acute and severe cases.

2. Adrenaline (epinephrine)*: Although adrenaline is a crucial medication used in CPR for its vasopressor and cardiac stimulant effects, it is not the primary treatment for severe acidosis. Adrenaline is typically administered to improve cardiac output and blood pressure during CPR.

74197
Oral Surgery

The first objective in the treatment of acute pericoronitis is to control the acute inflammation. Once the inflammation is managed, definitive treatment such as removal of the mandibular third molar can be performed.

47022
Oral Surgery

The anterior palatine nerve block anaesthetizes the posterior portion of the hard palate and the overlying tissues up to the first premolar. It does not typically anaesthetize the upper lip, lateral surface of the nose, or lower eyelid, which are innervated by different branches of the trigeminal nerve.

55548
Oral Surgery

The following factors play a role and cause variations in susceptibility of sensory nerve fibers to local anaesthesia: diameter of the nerve fiber, distance between nodes of Ranvier, and length of nerve fiber.

78938
Oral Surgery

To luxate a tooth with forceps, the movements should be firm and deliberate primarily to the facial surface with secondary movements to the lingual surface.

89184
Oral Surgery

Longest acting local anaesthetic is Bupivacaine.

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