NEET MDS Shorts
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Periodontics
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Oral Surgery
Local anaesthetics act by blocking voltage‑gated sodium
channels, preventing depolarization and conduction of nerve impulses.
The sensitivity of different nerve fibres depends on their diameter,
myelination, and conduction velocity. Type B fibres Small, myelinated preganglionic autonomic fibres. Moderately sensitive to local anaesthetics. Type C fibres Smallest, unmyelinated fibres. Carry dull, aching pain and temperature sensations. Most sensitive to local anaesthetics because
of their small diameter and lack of myelin. Type A‑delta fibres Small, thinly myelinated fibres. Carry sharp, pricking pain. Less sensitive than Type C fibres but more sensitive than
larger A‑alpha fibres. Fibres supplying muscle spindles (Type A‑alpha fibres) Large, heavily myelinated fibres. Conduct proprioception and motor signals. Least sensitive to local anaesthetics due to
their large diameter and thick myelin sheath. Local anaesthetics preferentially block small,
unmyelinated fibres first (Type C), followed by small myelinated fibres
(Type B, A‑delta). Large myelinated fibres (A‑alpha) are blocked last. This
explains why pain sensation is lost before motor function during local
anaesthesia.
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Dental MaterialsCobalt in a cast chromium-cobalt-nickel alloy contribute to strength, rigidity, and hardness
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Dental Materials
Acid etching selectively dissolves the hydroxyapatite crystals in dentin, creating microscopic tags and channels for resin infiltration, which enhances the bond between the restorative material and the tooth structure.
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PeriodonticsMaintaining good oral hygiene practices, such as regular brushing and flossing, is the most effective way to prevent periodontal disease, as it reduces plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation.
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OrthodonticsIndicators for Class II activator include mandibular retrusion, horizontal/anterior mandibular growth, and upright lower anteriors. Crowding in lower anteriors is not a specific indicator for its use.
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Physiology
Stage 3 NREM, also known as slow-wave sleep, is characterized by delta waves on EEG and is associated with the lowest body temperature, decreased heart rate, and decreased muscle tone, indicating a deep restorative sleep state.
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Prosthodontics
Stability: Pressure: Support: Retention:Terms:
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OrthodonticsExpansion and distalization are considered noninvasive methods for gaining space in orthodontic treatment.
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Oral SurgeryThe treatment of choice for a patient with a localized infection and pus formation, especially if they are afebrile (without fever), is incision and drainage (I & D). This involves creating a small opening in the skin to allow the pus to drain out. While antibiotics can be used as an adjunctive therapy to prevent the spread of infection, they are not always necessary in the initial management of a localized abscess if it is managed effectively with I & D.