Physiology

Sensory: Somatic (skin & muscle) Senses: Postcentral gyrus (parietal lobe). This area senses touch, pressure, pain, hot, cold, & muscle position. The arrangement is upside-down (head below, feet above) and is switched from left to right (sensations from the right side of the body are received on the left side of the cortex). Some areas (face, hands) have many more sensory and motor nerves than others. A drawing of the body parts represented in the p…

1.Rhythmicity ( Chronotropism ) :  means the ability of heart to beat regularly ( due to repetitive and stable depolarization and repolarization )  . Rhythmicity of heart is a myogenic in origin , because cardiac muscles are automatically excited muscles and does not depend on the nervous stimulus to initiate excitation and then contraction . The role of nerves is limited to the regulation of the heart rate and not to initiate the beat. There are many e…

Characteristics of Facilitated Diffusion & Active Transport - both require the use of carriers that are specific to particular substances (that is, each type of carrier can 'carry' one type of substance) and both can exhibit saturation (movement across a membrane is limited by number of carriers & the speed with which they move materials…

Micturition (urination) is a process, by which the final urine is eliminated out of the body . After being drained into the ureters, urine is stored in urinary bladder until being eliminated. Bladder is a hollow muscular organ, which has three layers: - epithelium : Composed of superficial layer of flat cells and deep layer of cuboidal cells. - muscular layer : contain smooth muscle fibers, that are arranged in longitudinal, spiral and circular pattern . D…

Hypoxia Hypoxia is tissue oxygen deficiency Brain is the most sensitive tissue to hypoxia: complete lack of oxygen can cause unconsciousness in 15 sec and irreversible damage within 2 min. Oxygen delivery and use can be interrupted at several sites   Type of Hypoxia O2 Uptake in Lungs Hemoglobin Circulation  Tissue O2 Utilization  H…