Periodontology

Disorder Marker/Feature Hyperkalemia Tall P wave on ECG Leukemia Pseudo-hyperkalemia Hypokalemia Can occur with B12 therapy Calcium Gluconate Stabilizes myocardium; doesn't lower K⁺ 🧂 Sodium Imbalance SIADH: Hyponatremia, convulsions Osmotic demyelination syndrome → too rapid correction Pseudohyponatremia: Seen in hyperlipidemia ⚖️ Acid-Base Disorders …

Electrosurgery Frequency: 1.5 – 7.5 million cycles/sec Flap Incisions & Blades Internal bevel: #15 blade Crevicular: #12 blade Interdental: Orban's knife Suturing Techniques Horizontal mattress: For diastema/wide spaces Anchor suture: For flap closure mesial/distal to tooth Specific Procedures Modified Widman flap: Does not reduce pocket depth Apically displaced flap: Increases attached gingiva width Osseous Surge…

⚡️ Acute & Chronic Features Acute RHF: Pulmonary embolism High-output failure causes: Anaemia EF Normal range: 60 – 75% Pulmonary edema Rx: Sublingual nitroglycerin 💊 Drugs & Interventions Nesiritide: BNP analogue Levosimendan: Inotropic for CHF Coenzyme Q: Used in CHF treatment…

Full Mouth Debridement (Quirynen) Scaling in 2 appointments within 24 hours Tongue brushing with 1% chlorhexidine gel 0.2% chlorhexidine rinse 1% chlorhexidine pocket irrigation Oral Hygiene Tools Toothbrush Bristle Diameter: Soft: 0.007" (0.2 mm) Medium: 0.012" (0.3 mm) Hard: 0.014" (0.4 mm) Brushing Techniques: Roll: Modified Stillman Circular: Fones Vertical: Leonard Horizontal: Scrub Scaling Instruments Gr…

Epithelial Turnover Rates in Oral Tissues Epithelial turnover is a critical process in maintaining the health and integrity of oral tissues. Understanding the turnover rates of different epithelial types in the oral cavity can provide insights into their regenerative capabilities and responses to injury or disease. Turnover Rates of Oral Epithelial Tissues Junctional Epithelium: Turnover Rate: 1-6 days Description: The junctional e…