Endodontics

I. VASCULAR VITALITY ASSESSMENT OF PULP Traditional vitality assessment methods such as heat, cold, and electric pulp testers assess neural vitality and often cause false-positive errors. As the histological assessment of pulpal status is not feasible clinically, a tool to assess the vascular flow of the pulp would be very useful. Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) is an accurate method to assess the blood flow in a microvascular system II. PULP CAPPING AND…

Common Canal Configurations: There are many combinations of canals that are present in the roots  of human permanent dentition, most of these root canal systems in any one root can be categorized in six different types.  These six types are: Type I : Single canal from pulp chamber to the apex. Type II : Two separate canals leaving the chamber but merging short of the apex to form only one canal. Type III : Two separate canals leaving the chamber …

Bacterial portals to pulp: caries (most common source), exposed dentinal tubules (tubule permeability ↓ by dentinal fluid, live odontoblastic processes, tertiary and peritubular dentin) 1.        Vital pulp is very resistant to microbial invasion but necrotic pulps are rapidly colonized 2.        Rarely does periodontal disease → pulp necrosis 3.     &nb…