Oral Pathology

Epithelial Plaques (localized thickenings): Found in: Lateral Periodontal Cyst Botryoid Odontogenic Cyst Gingival Cyst of Adults Glandular Odontogenic Cyst…

Rapid drop in plaque pH after sugar Critical pH for enamel demineralization: ~5.5 Caries-prone individuals: Lower plaque pH Higher Lactobacillus counts Research Highlights Stephan: Rapid pH drop post-carbohydrates Caries-free pH: ~7.1 Caries-active pH: ~5.5 Maxillary anterior teeth: Greater drop than mandibular Stratfors: Lower pH ↔ higher Lactobacillus; plaque buffers better than saliva…

Paget's Disease Chief Complaint: Denture tightening (due to arch expansion) Fractures: Chalk-stick fractures Facial Feature: Leontiasis ossea (lion-like facies) Radiology: Cotton wool appearance Histology: Jigsaw puzzle pattern Clinical: Bone warm to touch (↑ vascularity) Laboratory: ↑ Alkaline phosphatase (>250 Bodansky units) Other Signs: Osteoporosis circumscripta, platybasia Memory Aid: "Paget's Patients Pref…

Gemination Attempted division of a single tooth germ before calcification. Results in two crowns (complete/incomplete) with one root and canal. Tooth count remains normal. Difficult to differentiate from fusion with a supernumerary tooth.  Twinning Complete division of a single tooth germ. Results in one normal + one supernumerary tooth. Tooth count is more than normal. Fusion Union of t…

Dentigerous Cyst (Follicular Cyst): Most common Developmental Odontogenic Cyst. Always associated with the crown of an unerupted/impacted tooth. Derived from Reduced Enamel Epithelium (REE). Differential diagnosis: Eruption cyst, Paradental cyst (also from REE). Nasopalatine Duct Cyst (Incisive Canal Cyst/Median Anterior Maxillary Cyst - MAMC): Most common Developmental Non-odontogenic Cyst. …