Biochemistry

Glycogenolysis Breakdown of  glycogen to glucose is called glycogenolysis. The Breakdown of glycogen takes place in liver and muscle. In Liver , the end product of glycodgen breakdown is glucose where as in muscles the end product is Lactic acid Under the combined action of Phosphorylase  (breaks only –α-(1,4) linkage )and Debranching enzymes (breaks only α-(1,6) linkage )glycogen is broken down to glucose.…

Enzyme Kinetics Enzymes are protein catalysts that, like all catalysts, speed up the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up in the process. They achieve their effect by temporarily binding to the substrate and, in doing so, lowering the activation energy needed to convert it to a product. The rate at which an enzyme works is influenced by several factors, e.g., the concentration of substrate molecules (the more of them available, the quicker t…

The basic characteristics of enzymes includes (i) Almost all the enzymes are proteins and they follow the physical and chemical reactions of proteins (ii) Enzymes are sensitive and labile to heat (iii) Enzymes are water soluble (iv) Enzymes could be precipitated by protein precipitating agents such as ammonium sulfate and trichloroacetic acid.…

  b Oxidation Pathway Fatty Acid Synthesis pathway location mitochondrial matrix cytosol acyl carriers (thiols) Coenzyme-A phosphopantetheine (ACP) & cysteine electron acceptors/donor FAD & NAD+ NADPH hydroxyl intermediate L D …

BIOLOGICAL ROLES OF LIPID Lipids have the common property of being relatively insoluble in water and soluble in nonpolar solvents such as ether and chloroform. They are important dietary constituents not only because of their high energy value but also because of the fat-soluble vitamins and the essential fatty acids contained in the fat of natural foods Nonpolar lipids act as electrical insulators, allowing rapid propagation of depolarization waves along myel…