Anaesthesia

Parameter Modality Brain temperature Tympanic membrane Hypothermia definition Core temp < 35°C MI during surgery Transesophageal echocardiography BP monitoring Cuff deflation @ 3 – 5 mmHg/sec O₂ saturation Pulse oximetry CVP monitoring Right internal jugular vein Exhaled CO₂ Capnography Gas pressure Torr or mmHg Arterial CO₂…

Spinal Anesthesia A. Anatomy Spinal anesthesia targets the spinal cord, which arises from the foramen magnum and extends to the conus medullaris, typically ending around the third lumbar vertebrae (L3) in adults. The spinal column is protected by three layers: the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater. The subarachnoid space, where the spinal anesthetic is administered, contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), spinal nerves, and the arachnoid and pia…

First Local Anaesthetic: Cocaine First Muscle Relaxant: D-Tubocurarine (DTC) Intubation Pioneer: Ivan Magill (Magill's forceps)  Preoperative Considerations Stop smoking ideally 8 weeks prior to surgery. Urgent warfarin reversal: Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP). Atropine: ↓ Salivation Bronchodilation Flushing in pediatric patients…

Emergency Drugs for Sedated Patients (AAPD Guidelines) In the context of pediatric dentistry and sedation, it is crucial to be prepared for potential emergencies that may arise during or after sedation. The following is a list of emergency drugs that may be needed to rescue a sedated patient, along with their indications and uses. Emergency Drugs Albuterol for Inhalation Indication: Bronchospasm or asthma exacerbation. …