General Pathology

Autopsy Autopsy is examination of the dead body to identify the cause of death. This can be for forensic or clinical purposes.

DIPHTHERIA An acute, contagious disease caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, characterized by the formation of a fibrinous pseudomembrane, usually on the respiratory mucosa, and by myocardial and neural tissue damage secondary to an exotoxin. Cutaneous diphtheria (infection of the skin) can occur when any disruption of the integument is colonized by C. diphtheriae. Lacerations, abrasions, ulcers, burns, and other wounds are potential reservoirs of the organ…

Nevus 1. Commonly known as moles. 2. A benign, pigmented tumor of melanocytes, found deep within connective tissue. 3. Types of skin nevi: a. Junctional nevus—found in the epidermis. It is the only type of nevus that may be considered to be premalignant. b. Compound nevus—found in both the epidermis and underlying dermis. c. Intraepidermal nevus—found in the dermis.…

Aplasticanaemia and pancytopenia. Aplastic anaemia is a reduction in all the formed elements of blood due to marrow hypoplasia. Causes - Primary or Idiopathic. - Secondary to : 1    Drugs : Antimetabolites and antimitotic agents. Antiepileptics. Phenylbutazone. Chloramphenicol. 2    Industrial chemicals. Benzene. DDT and other insecticides. TNT (used in explosives). 3    Ionising radiation …

Valvular disease A. Generally, there are three types: 1. Stenosis—fibrotic, stiff, and thickened valves, resulting in reduced blood flow through the valve. 2. Regurgitation or valvular insufficiency— valves are unable to close completely, allowing blood to regurgitate. 3. Prolapse—“floppy” valves; may occur with or without regurgitation. The most common valvular defect.…