Pharmacology

Histamine:  Involved in inflammatory and anaphylactic reactions  Local application causes swelling redness, and edema, mimicking a mild inflammatory reaction. Large systemic doses leads to profound vascular changes similar to those seen after shock or anaphylactic origin. Storage: widely distributed; in tissues, primarily in mast cells; in blood- in basophils, platelets; non-mast cell sites (epidermis, CNS, regenerating cells) Histamine Stored…

Phenobarbital (Luminal): for generalized tonic-clonic and partial seizures (not used for absence seizures) Mechanism: enhances GABA inhibition (↑ open time of Cl channels in presence of GABA) Side effects: sedation, ataxia, cognitive impairment, induction of hepatic microsomal enzymes…

Antifungal There are several classes of antifungal drugs. The polyenes bind with sterols in the fungal cell wall, principally ergosterol. This causes the cell's contents to leak out and the cell dies. Human (and other animal) cells contain cholesterol rather than ergosterol so are much less suceptible. Nystatin Amphotericin B Natamycin The imidazole and triazole groups of antifungal drugs inhibit the enzyme cytochrome P450 14α-demethylase…

Valdecoxib used in the treatment of osteoarthritis, acute pain conditions, and dysmenorrhoea Etoricoxib new  COX-2 selective inhibitor

Routes of Drug Administration Intravenous No barriers to absorption since drug is put directly into the blood. There is a very rapid onset for drugs administered intravenously.  This can be advantagous in emergency situations, but can also be very dangerous. This route offers a great deal of control in respect to drug levels in the blood. Irritant drugs can be administer by the IV route without risking tissue injury. IV drug administration is e…