Pharmacology

Routes of Drug Administration Intravenous No barriers to absorption since drug is put directly into the blood. There is a very rapid onset for drugs administered intravenously.  This can be advantagous in emergency situations, but can also be very dangerous. This route offers a great deal of control in respect to drug levels in the blood. Irritant drugs can be administer by the IV route without risking tissue injury. IV drug administration is e…

Oxytetracycline Treats Oxytetracycline is a medicine used for treating a wide range of infections including infections of the lungs, urinary system, skin and eyes. It may also be used to treat sexually transmitted infections, infections caused by lice, rickettsial infections, cholera and plague. It is very occasionally used to treat leptospirosis, gas gangrene, and tetanus.…

Stages of anesthesia Stage I Analgesia Still conscious but drowsy Stage II Excitement stage Loss of consciousness, however, irregular ventilation may be present which affects absorption of inhalation agents. Reflexes may be exaggerated. This is a very dangerous stage Stage III Surgical anesthesia Loss of spontaneous movement Regular, shallow respiration Relaxation of muscles Stage IV Medullary paralysis Death…

Barbiturates 1. Long-acting. Phenobarbital is used to treat certain types of seizures (see section on antiepileptic drugs). 2. Intermediate-acting. Amobarbital, pentobarbital (occasionally used for sleep), secobarbital. 3. Short-acting. Hexobarbital, methohexital, thiopental—rarely used as IV anesthetics.…

 Beta - Adrenergic Blocking Agents     Mechanisms of Action     - Initial decrease in cardiac output, followed by reduction in peripheral vascular resistance.  - Other actions include decrease plasma renin activity, resetting of baroreceptors,  release of vasodilator prostaglandins, and blockade of prejunctional beta-receptors.   Advantages  - Documented reduction in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.…