Study Notes

Hydrocortisone injection: Mixed with 2% lignocaine for joint inflammation GA contraindications: Hemoglobinopathies, severe hematologic disorders Non – depolarizing relaxants: Reversed by neostigmine + atropine Succinylcholine: Depolarizing muscle relaxant Inferior turbinectomy: Done when maxilla is >6 mm superiorly positioned…

1) Storage - the stomach allows a meal to be consumed and the materials released incrementally into the duodenum for digestion. It may take up to four hours for food from a complete meal to clear the stomach.  2) Chemical digestion - pepsin begins the process of protein digestion cleaving large polypeptides into shorter chains .  3) Mechanical digestion - the churning action of the muscularis causes liquefaction and mixing of the contents to produce acid…

Immunoglobulin (Ig) Immunoglobulins are glycoprotein molecules that are produced by plasma cells in response to an immunogen and which function as antibodies. The immunoglobulins derive their name from the finding that they migrate with globular proteins when antibody-containing serum is placed in an electrical field FUNCTION 1. Immunoglobulins bind specifically to one or a few closely related antigens. Each immunoglobulin actually binds to a specific antigen…

Electrosurgery Frequency: 1.5 – 7.5 million cycles/sec Flap Incisions & Blades Internal bevel: #15 blade Crevicular: #12 blade Interdental: Orban's knife Suturing Techniques Horizontal mattress: For diastema/wide spaces Anchor suture: For flap closure mesial/distal to tooth Specific Procedures Modified Widman flap: Does not reduce pocket depth Apically displaced flap: Increases attached gingiva width Osseous Surge…

Pemphigus 1. Ulcerative lesions on the skin and oral mucosa. 2. An autoimmune disease in which patients have autoantibodies against hemidemosomal attachment of epidermis cells. 3. Histologically characterized by acantholysis, in which epidermal cells appear to detach and separate from each other, as seen by Tzanck smears. 4. Can be life-threatening if untreated. 5. A positive Nikolsky sign is observed. Because of sloughing of the epidermis, a red blister forms…