Study Notes

Orthodontic Force Duration Continuous Forces: Definition: Continuous forces are applied consistently over time without interruption. Application: Many extraoral appliances, such as headgear, are designed to provide continuous force to the teeth and jaws. This type of force is essential for effective tooth movement and skeletal changes. Example: A headgear may be worn for 12-14 hours a day to achieve the desired effects on the m…

These are normally non-essential but become essential during stress, illness, or in infants. Conditionally Essential When Needed Arginine Growth, trauma, immune stress Cysteine Liver disease, oxidative stress Glutamine Critical illness, burns Tyrosine PKU (phenylketonuria) patients Proline, Glycine Wound healing, collagen synthesis…

The clinical implications of an edentulous stomatognathic system are considered under the following factors: (1) modi?cations in areas of support . (2) functional and parafunctional considerations. (3) changes in morphologic face height, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ). (4) cosmetic changes and adaptive responses Support mechanism for complete dentures Mucosal support and masticatory loads - The area of mucosa available to receive the load from comp…

Articulations Classified according to their structure, composition,and movability •    Fibrous joints-surfaces of bones almost in direct contact with limited movement     o    Syndesmosis-two bones united by interosseous ligaments     o    Sutures-serrated margins of bones united by a thin layer of fibrous tissue     o    Gomphosis-insertion of a…

Nerve Supply of the Muscles of the Orbit (pp. 715-6) Three cranial nerves supply the muscles of the eyeball; the oculomotor (CN III), trochlear (CN IV) and abducent (CN IV) nerves. All three enter the orbit via the superior orbital fissure. The trochlear nerve supplies the superior oblique muscle. The abducent nerve supplies the lateral rectus muscle. The oculomotor nerve supplies everything else. A mnemonic that is used is this formula f…