Study Notes

The Walls of the Orbit Each orbit has four walls: superior (roof), medial, inferior (floor) and lateral. The medial walls of the orbit are almost parallel with each other and with the superior part of the nasal cavities separating them. The lateral walls are approximately at right angles to each other…

Osteomyelitis This refers to inflammation of the bone and related marrow cavity almost always due to infection. Osteomyelitis can be acute or a chronic. The most common etiologic agents are pyogenic bacteria and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Pyogenic Osteomyelitis The offending organisms reach the bone by one of three routes: 1. Hematogenous dissemination (most common) 2. Extension from a nearby infection (in adjacent joint or soft tissue) 3. Traumatic impla…

ATROPHY It is the acquired decrease in the size of an organ due to decrease in the size and/or number of its constituent cells. Causes: (1) Physiological - Foetal involution.     o    Branchial clefts.     o    Ductus arterious. - Involution of thymus and other lymphoid organs in childhood and adolescence. - In adults:     o    Post-partum uterus.    &nbsp…

Blood Components Leukocyte-depleted RBCs: Reduces febrile reactions and CMV transmission Platelets: For thrombocytopenia or platelet dysfunction Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP): Contains all coagulation factors Cryoprecipitate: High concentration of fibrinogen, Factor VIII, vWF Albumin: Volume expansion, hypoalbuminemia Transfusion Reactions Most Common: Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR) Incidence: Most frequent transfusion re…

Flucloxacillin, important even now for its resistance to beta-lactamases produced by bacteria such as Staphylococcus species. It is still no match for MRSA (Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus). The last in the line of true penicillins were the antipseudomonal penicillins, such as ticarcillin, useful for their activity against Gram-negative bacteria…