Study Notes

Loperamide Similar chemically and pharmacologically to Diphenoxylate. Slows gastrointestinal motility by effects on the circular and longitudinal muscles of the intestine. Not well absorbed following oral administration. Useful in the treatment of diarrhea.…

Xylitol and Its Role in Dental Health Xylitol is a naturally occurring sugar alcohol that is widely recognized for its potential benefits in dental health, particularly in the prevention of dental caries. Properties of Xylitol Low-Calorie Sweetener: Xylitol is a low-calorie sugar substitute that provides sweetness without the high caloric content of traditional sugars. Natural Occurrence: It is found in small amounts in various fruits and veg…

Cells of the Nervous System  1-Neurons (Nerve Cells):function units of the nervous system by conducting nerve impulses, highly specialized and amitotic. Each has a cell body (soma), one or more dendrites, and a single axon.  • Cell Body: it has a nucleus with at least one nucleolus and many of the typical cytoplasmic organelles, but lacks centriolesfor cell division.  • Dendrites:Dendrites and axons are cytoplasmic extensions (or proc…

Laxatives and cathartics (purgatives) Constipation is a common problem in older adults and laxatives are often used or overused. Non drug measures to prevent constipation (e.g. increasing intake of fluid and high–fiber foods, exercise) are much preferred to laxatives. Laxatives and cathartics are drugs used orally to evacuate the bowels or to promote bowel elimination (defecation). Both terms are used interchangeably because it is the dose that determine…