Study Notes

VITAMIN C: ASCORBIC ACID, ASCORBATE Vitamin C benefits the body by holding cells together through collagen synthesis; collagen is a connective tissue that holds muscles, bones, and other tissues together. Vitamin C also aids in wound healing, bone and tooth formation, strengthening blood vessel walls, improving immune system function, increasing absorption and utilization of iron, and acting as an antioxidant. RDA The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for V…

Pulp Testing in Primary Teeth Often unreliable due to undeveloped Raschkow plexus, which limits sensory response. Pulpotomy Healing Calcified fibrous tissue formation begins around 14 days post-treatment. New Dentin Formation After Ca(OH)₂ pulp cap, dentin bridge forms in approximately 28 days. Pulpectomy Material ZOE (Zinc Oxide Eugenol Paste) is commonly used. Pulp Capping Materials Calcium Hydroxide (CaOH) Mineral T…

GENERAL VISCERAL AFFERENT (GVA) PATHWAYS Pain and Pressure Sensation via the Spinal Cord Visceral pain receptors are located in peritoneal surfaces, pleural membranes, the dura mater, walls of arteries, and the walls of the GI tube. Nociceptors in the walls of the GI tube are particularly sensitive to stretch and overdistension. General visceral nociceptors conduct signals into the spinal cord over the monopolar neurons of the posterior root ganglia. The…

COMPOSITE RESINS Types Amount of filler-25% to 65% volume, 45% to 85% weight Filler particle size (diameter in microns) Macrofill 10 to 100 µm (traditional composites) Midi fill- 1 to 10 µm(small particle composites) Minifill— 0.l to 1 µm Microfill-: 0.01 to  0.1 µm (fine particle composites) Hybrid--blend (usually or  microfill and midifill or minifill and microfill) Polymerization method …

Phases of cardiac cycle : 1. Early diastole ( also called the atrial diastole , or complete heart diastole) : During this phase : - Atria are  relaxed - Ventricles are relaxed - Semilunar valves are closed - Atrioventricular valves are open During this phase the blood moves passively from the venous system into the ventricles ( about 80 % of blood fills the ventricles during this phase. 2. Atrial systole : During this phase : - Atria are contrac…