Study Notes

Types of Fixed Orthodontic Appliances Braces: Traditional Metal Braces: Composed of metal brackets bonded to the teeth, connected by archwires. They are the most common type of fixed appliance. Ceramic Braces: Similar to metal braces but made of tooth-colored or clear materials, making them less visible. Lingual Braces: Brackets are placed on the inner surface of the teeth, making them invisible from the outside. Self-Li…

Dental Porcelain and PFM Porcelains Applications/Use a. Porcelain inlays and jacket crowns b. PFM crowns and bridges c. Denture teeth Terms PFM-porcelain fused to metal Fusing-adherence of porcelain particles into a single porcelain mass Classification  Dental porcelain is manufactured as a powder. When it is heated to a very high temperature in a special oven, it fuses into a homogeneous mass. The heating process is called baking. Upon coo…

Root canal sealers Applications Cementation of silver cone gutta-percha point Paste filling material Types Zinc oxide-eugenol cement types Noneugenol cement types Therapeutic cement types properties Physical-radiopacity Chemical-insolubility Mechanical-flow; tensile strength Biologic-inertness Gingival tissue packs Application-provide temporary displacement of gingival tissues Composition-slow setting zinc oxide-eugenol cement mixed wi…

Bacterial portals to pulp: caries (most common source), exposed dentinal tubules (tubule permeability ↓ by dentinal fluid, live odontoblastic processes, tertiary and peritubular dentin) 1.        Vital pulp is very resistant to microbial invasion but necrotic pulps are rapidly colonized 2.        Rarely does periodontal disease → pulp necrosis 3.     &nb…

Parasitic 1. Leishmania produce 3 kinds of disease in man - visceral leishmaniasis (kala azar) due to Leishmania donovani complex,  - cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania tropica complex, and  - mucocutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania braziliensis.     - cutaneous (Oriental sore) and mucocutansous leishmaniasis limit themselves to the skinalone (ulcers) in the former disease and skin plus mucous membranes in the latter var…