Bacterial & Fungal Infections

Syphilis - Congenital

Hutchinson's Triad:

1. Mulberry molars & peg-shaped incisors
2. VIII nerve deafness
3. Interstitial keratitis

Higoumenaki Sign: Thickened sternoclavicular joint

Rhinoscleroma

• Also Called: Hebra nose

Sarcoidosis

• Diagnostic Test: Kveim–Siltzbach
• Histology: Schaumann bodies

Candidiasis

• Id Reaction: Hypersensitivity to Candida antigen
• Chairside Diagnosis: Wet smear in 10% KOH

• Café au Lait Spots:

  • "Coast of California": Associated with Neurofibromatosis (Type 1).

  • "Coast of Maine": Associated with Fibrous Dysplasia.

• Carpet Tack Lesions: Characteristic of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus.

• Cerebriform Tongue: Seen in Pemphigus Vegetans.

• Charcot's Triad: Seen in Multiple Sclerosis, characterized by:

  • Intention tremor

  • Nystagmus

  • Dysarthria

• Chipmunk Facies: Seen in Thalassemia.

• Chvostek's Sign: Indicative of Hypoparathyroidism (facial muscle twitching upon tapping the facial nerve).

• Buffalo Hump: A characteristic clinical sign of Cushing's Syndrome (fat pad on the upper back).

Macroglossia

• Feature: Crenated (scalloped) lateral tongue borders

Lymphangioma of Tongue

• Appearance: Tapioca pudding/Frog's egg

Geographic Tongue

• Associated With: Fissured tongue
• Histopathology: Similar to psoriasis
• Key Feature: Munro's abscesses

Median Rhomboid Glossitis

• Unique Sign: "Kissing lesion" on soft palate due to tongue contact

Hairy Tongue

• Misnomer: Elongated filiform papillae—not actual hair

• Hypogeusia Treatment: Zinc sulfate supplements above the usual recommended daily dose appear beneficial.

• Arsenic Poisoning: Characterized by "rain drop pigmentation" on the skin.

• Quincke's Edema: Commonly known as Angioneurotic Edema.

• Internal Resorption: Also known as Pink Tooth of Mummery or Odontoclastoma.

• Mercury Intoxication: Also known as Pink Disease.

• Lead Poisoning (Plumbism):

  • "Lead line" / "Burtonian line": A gray/bluish-black line of sulfide pigmentation occurring in the gingiva.

  • Peripheral neuritis: Produces a characteristic wrist drop/foot drop.

• Lichen Planus:

  • Reticular form: Most common type, characterized by Wickham's striae.

  • Malignant potential: Atrophic and erosive forms are associated with significant malignant transformation risk.

  • Histology: Saw-tooth shaped rete pegs.

• Solar Elastosis: Characterized clinically by "sailor's skin" or "farmer's skin" (due to chronic sun exposure).

• Psoriasis & Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis: Both show test tube-shaped rete pegs histologically.

• LE Cell Test: LE cells represent rosettes of neutrophils that have phagocytosed other leukocytes (seen in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus).

• Tzanck Cells: Seen in vesiculobullous conditions like Pemphigus, Herpes Simplex, Varicella, Herpes Zoster, and CMV infection.

• Ectodermal Dysplasia: Characterized by truncated, conical teeth and missing teeth (hypodontia).

• Widened Periodontal Ligament Space: Extreme widening seen in Scleroderma and Osteosarcoma.

• Geographic Tongue & Psoriasis: Share a common histological feature: Munro's abscesses (neutrophilic microabscesses).

Mnemonics Flashcards