Forces Required for Tooth Movements

1. Tipping:

   • Force Required: 50-75 grams
   • Description: Tipping involves the movement of a tooth around its center of resistance, resulting in a change in the angulation of the tooth.

2. Bodily Movement:

   • Force Required: 100-150 grams
   • Description: Bodily movement refers to the translation of a tooth in its entirety, moving it in a straight line without tipping.

3. Intrusion:

   • Force Required: 15-25 grams
   • Description: Intrusion is the movement of a tooth into the alveolar bone, effectively reducing its height in the dental arch.

4. Extrusion:

   • Force Required: 50-75 grams
   • Description: Extrusion involves the movement of a tooth out of the alveolar bone, increasing its height in the dental arch.

5. Torquing:

   • Force Required: 50-75 grams
   • Description: Torquing refers to the rotational movement of a tooth around its long axis, affecting the angulation of the tooth in the buccolingual direction.

6. Uprighting:

   • Force Required: 75-125 grams
   • Description: Uprighting is the movement of a tilted tooth back to its proper vertical position.

7. Rotation:

   • Force Required: 50-75 grams
   • Description: Rotation involves the movement of a tooth around its long axis, changing its orientation within the dental arch.

8. Headgear:

   • Force Required: 350-450 grams on each side
   • Duration: Minimum of 12-14 hours per day
   • Description: Headgear is used to control the growth of the maxilla and to correct dental relationships.

9. Face Mask:

   • Force Required: 1 pound (450 grams) per side
   • Duration: 12-14 hours per day
   • Description: A face mask is used to encourage forward growth of the maxilla in cases of Class III malocclusion.

10. Chin Cup:

    • Initial Force Required: 150-300 grams per side
    • Subsequent Force Required: 450-700 grams per side (after two months)
    • Duration: 12-14 hours per day
    • Description: A chin cup is used to control the growth of the mandible and improve facial aesthetics.