213+ quick-fire dental facts • tap a card to flip
On a medium containing 6% agar, 5% Fildes peptic digest of sheep blood, and 20% human serum, which of the following is NOT a typical characteristic of C1. Perfringens colonies?
1) They will be surrounded by a zone of opacity on the half without antitoxin due to the Nagler reaction
2) They are nonmotile
3) They are capsulated
4) They ferment lactose and produce bright pink colonies on MacConkey’s medium
Correct answer: 1) By causing intestinal obstruction and malabsorption
What is the primary way Ascaris lumbricoides causes pathology in infected individuals?
1) By causing intestinal obstruction and malabsorption
2) By penetrating the skin and entering the bloodstream
3) By invading the lungs and causing pneumonitis
4) By attaching to the intestinal wall and causing ulceration
Which of the following hepatitis viruses has a single-stranded RNA genome?
1) Hepatitis A
2) Hepatitis B
3) Hepatitis C
4) Hepatitis D
How is CRISPR-Cas9 used in functional genomics studies?
1) By visualizing protein-DNA interactions
2) By quantifying gene expression in real time
3) By introducing targeted mutations to study gene function
4) By measuring the rate of DNA synthesis
A capsule is a slippery, outermost polysaccharide layer that covers many pathogenic bacteria. It directly enhances virulence by preventing phagocytosis, meaning host immune cells (like macrophages and neutrophils) cannot easily engulf and destroy the microbe. It also helps mask bacterial surface antigens from host antibodies.
Which of the following is a common virulence factor that enhances a microbe's ability to cause disease by avoiding the host immune system?
1) Antibiotic resistance
2) Endotoxin production
3) Capsule formation
4) Biofilm production
What is the commonest subtype of Hepatitis B virus in Thailand?
1) Subtype A
2) Subtype B
3) Subtype C
4) Subtype E
Bordetella pertussis, a bacterium that infects the airways and causes severe, uncontrollable coughing fits.
Name: Bordetella pertussis
Type: Gram-negative bacterium
Target: The respiratory tract and cilia of the host
Symptoms: Severe coughing spells followed by a high-pitched "whoop" sound
What is the causative agent of whooping cough, a respiratory infection characterized by severe coughing fits?
1) Streptococcus pneumoniae
2) Haemophilus influenzae
3) Legionella pneumophila
4) Bordetella pertussis
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