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Respiratory alkalosis is most commonly caused by hyperventilation, which can occur due to anxiety, pain, fever, hypoxia, and certain neurological conditions.
What is the most common cause of respiratory alkalosis?
1) Hyperventilation
2) Metabolic acidosis
3) Respiratory acidosis
4) Excessive ingestion of antacids
Bell's palsy typically involves the entire side of the face, not just the lower part. The affected side may become asymmetric and motionless, with wrinkles disappearing from the forehead and an inability to close the eye completely. Impaired articulation of labial sounds is a common symptom due to the involvement of the facial muscles used for speech.
Which of the following is NOT a clinical sign associated with Bell's palsy?
(1) Paralysis of the lower part of the face only.
(2) Inability to close the affected eye completely.
(3) Preservation of the ability to wrinkle the forehead.
(4) Impaired articulation of labial sounds.
tPA is a thrombolytic agent used to dissolve blood clots. In the treatment of pulmonary embolism, it is administered to break down the clot in the pulmonary artery, thereby improving blood flow and reducing the risk of complications.
What is the role of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in the treatment of pulmonary embolism?
1) Prevents thrombus formation
2) Dissolves existing thrombi
3) Inhibits platelet aggregation
4) Enhances fibrinolysis
Folic acid deficiency is most commonly due to inadequate dietary intake or increased metabolic demand, such as during pregnancy.
What is the most common cause of megaloblastic anemia due to folate deficiency?
1) Increased metabolic demand
2) Decreased dietary intake
3) Impaired absorption
4) Increased renal excretion
Rheumatic heart disease is most commonly associated with damage to the mitral valve, which is situated between the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart.
What is the most commonly damaged heart valve in rheumatic heart disease?
1) Aortic valve
2) Mitral valve
3) Tricuspid valve
4) Pulmonary valve
The initial event in a vasovagal syncope episode is an increase in catecholamine release, leading to a decrease in peripheral vascular resistance and tachycardia.
What is the initial event in a vasovagal syncope episode?
1) Bradycardia
2) Tachycardia
3) Decrease in peripheral vascular resistance
4) Increased catecholamine release
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