Shorts

• The primary purpose of Howe's Analysis is to assess the width of the dental arches and to identify any discrepancies between the maxillary (upper) and mandibular (lower) arches. This is particularly important in cases of malocclusion, where the alignment of the teeth and the relationship between the jaws may be compromised.

• The analysis involves measuring specific distances on the dental casts, including:
  • Intercanine Width: The distance between the cusp tips of the canines.
  • Interpremolar Width: The distance between the cusp tips of the first premolars.
  • Intermolar Width: The distance between the cusp tips of the first molars.
• These measurements are used to calculate the Percentage of Maxillary Buccal Arch Width (PMBAW%), which is a key indicator in the analysis.

• The results of Howe's Analysis can indicate different treatment needs:
  • Normal Case: A PMBAW% within a certain range (typically around 50-60%).
  • Narrow Case: A PMBAW% below the normal range, indicating a need for arch expansion.
  • Wide Case: A PMBAW% above the normal range, which may suggest the need for extraction or other interventions.
  • Borderline Case: A PMBAW% around 44, indicating that the arch width is at a threshold where careful consideration is needed for treatment options.

Solution

The following are the effects when Herbst appliance used for treatment of Class II malocclusion:
1. Class I molar relation or over-corrected Class I molar relation.
2. Increased mandibular growth
3. Distal driving of maxillary molars which helps to achieve molar relation.
4. Reduction of overjet by increasing mandibular length and proclination of mandibular incisors.
5. Inhibitory effect on sagittal maxillary growth
6. Weislander suggested double contour of glenoid fossa which indicates anterior transformation of glenoid fossa
7. Increased SNB angle and decreased SNA angle.

Terms used to describe the position of teeth.

Mesioversion - A tooth in the arch located more mesial than normal
Distoversion - A tooth in the arch located more distal than normal
Labioversion - An incisor or canine outside of arch towards the lips
Buccoversion - A  posterior tooth outside the arch toward the cheek
Linguoversion - A  tooth inside the arch form toward the tongue
Infraversion  - A tooth that has not erupted to the occlusal plane
Supraversion - A tooth the has over-erupted
Torsiversion - A tooth rotated on its axis
Transversion (Transposition) - Teeth that are in the wrong sequential order.

SOLUTION

Maxillary splint appliance will hold the maxilla and worsen skeletal Cl –III malocclusion.

ankylosed teeth are also known as submerged teeth.
submerged teeth are decidous teeth most commonly mandibular second molars
Most common permanant tooth found to be ankylosed is premolars.