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Pharmacology - 3 Questions

1
Pharmacology

A medication that is associated with gingivitis 

1)  phenytoin
2)  carbamazepine 
3)  propranolol
4)  diazepam

📝 Explanation:

Gingivitis is a form of periodontal disease. Periodontal disease is when inflammation and infection destroy the tissues that support the teeth, including the gingiva (gums), the periodontal ligaments, and the tooth sockets (alveolar bone Malocclusion of teeth (misaligned teeth), rough edges of fillings, and ill fitting or unclean mouth appliances (such as orthodontic appliances, dentures, bridges, and crowns) can irritate the gums and increase the risk of gingivitis.

Medications such as phenytoin and birth control pills, and ingestion of heavy metals such as lead and bismuth are also associated with gingivitis.

2
Pharmacology

Local anaesthetic used as an antiarrhythmic agent is:

1) Bupivacaine
2) Lignocaine
3) Cocaine
4) Chlorprocaine 

📝 Explanation:

It is also used to treat ventricular tachycardia and to perform nerve blocks

Dosage Of Local Anesthesia:

1) Safety dose of 2% Lignocaine is 4.5mg/kg without a Vasoconstrictor

Without a Vasoconstrictor 300 mg (maximum dose)

2) Safety dose of 2% Lignocaine is 7mg/kg with a Vasoconstrictor

With a Vasoconstrictor – 500 mg (maximum dose)

3) As 1ml of 2% Lignocaine contains 20mg – Where the Maximum safety dose being 300 mg 

So 15 ml of Drug can be given safely

4) 1:1,00,000 concentration means 1 part of Adrenaline is 1,00,000 parts of Solution

Safety Dose of Adrenaline for Dental Use in normal patients is 0.2 mg – which means 20 ml of LA can be given to normal patients containing Adrenaline

For cardiac Patients the safety dose of Adrenaline is 0.04mg – Which means 4ml of LA can be given to Patients with cardiac problems containing Adrenaline

5) If the concentration of LA is 1:50,000 – 10 ml of LA can be given safely

3
Pharmacology

Which of the following is not a loop diuretic: 

1) Fruesmide 
2) Torsemide 
3) Ethacrynic acid 
4) Chlorthalidone

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

📝 Explanation:

Chlorthalidone (Thiazide like diuretic)

 

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