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NEET MDS Quiz - Practice Test
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Practice Test

Physiology - 3 Questions

1
Physiology

What is the significance of the latch effect in smooth muscle contraction?
1) It allows for rapid contraction and relaxation
2) It prevents the muscle from fully relaxing between contractions
3) It is responsible for the generation of the resting membrane potential
4) It is not relevant to the function of smooth muscles

📝 Explanation:

Answer: 2) It prevents the muscle from fully relaxing between contractions
Explanation: The latch effect in smooth muscles refers to the ability of phosphorylated myosin heads to maintain their attachment to actin filaments even after calcium levels decrease, thus preventing full relaxation without further calcium influx. This sustained contraction with minimal energy expenditure is a characteristic feature of smooth muscles.

2
Physiology

What is the primary component of the glomerular filtration barrier?
1) Glomerular capillary endothelium
2) Basement membrane
3) Bowman's capsule
4) Podocytes
E) All of the above

📝 Explanation:

The glomerular filtration barrier is composed of the glomerular capillary endothelium, the basement membrane, and the podocytes (Bowman's visceral epithelium). These three layers work together to filter blood and form the glomerular filtrate, which then enters the renal tubules.

3
Physiology

Which of the following substances does NOT directly depolarize taste cells during the sensation of bitter taste?
1) Increased intracellular calcium (Ca+) concentration
2) Activation of amiloride-sensitive Na+ channels
3) Closure of K+ channels
4) Release of neuronal glutamic acid

📝 Explanation:

Bitter taste is mediated by the activation of bitter receptors, which are G protein-coupled and result in an increase in intracellular Ca+2 and subsequent neurotransmitter release, not by the activation of sodium channels as seen in salty taste transduction.

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