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physiology - 3 Questions

1
Physiology

In the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), which of the following substances is NOT reabsorbed?
1) Sodium
2) Chloride
3) Glucose
4) Water

📝 Explanation:

In the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), water is reabsorbed along with sodium, chloride, and glucose; however, not all substances are reabsorbed equally.

2
Physiology

What is the function of titin in muscle contraction?
1) It provides the structural framework for the sarcomere
2) It acts as a bridge between actin and myosin filaments
3) It is the primary contractile protein in muscle fibers
4) It regulates muscle length during contraction and relaxation

📝 Explanation:

Titin acts as a scaffold that supports the alignment of the thick and thin myofilaments in muscle cells, maintaining the integrity of the sarcomere structure during contraction.

3
Physiology

Which sleep stage is associated with the lowest body temperature, decreased heart rate, and decreased muscle tone?
1) Stage 1 NREM
2) Stage 2 NREM
3) Stage 3 NREM
4) REM sleep

📝 Explanation:

Stage 3 NREM, also known as slow-wave sleep, is characterized by delta waves on EEG and is associated with the lowest body temperature, decreased heart rate, and decreased muscle tone, indicating a deep restorative sleep state.

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