Which of the following statements regarding the processing and handling of radiographic film is correct?
1) Photographic and radiographic emulsions are completely immune to ionizing radiation unless directly exposed by a primary beam.
2) Manual developing of dental X-ray film typically requires a standard temperature of 68°F (20°C) for an optimal duration of 4.5 to 5 minutes.
3) Rapid washing of X-ray films in stagnant water for 5 minutes is sufficient to archival standards.
4) None of the above.
π Explanation:
In manual radiographic processing, the standard time-temperature formula dictates that film should be developed at 68°F (20°C) for 4.5 to 5 minutes (often simplified to 5 minutes). Higher temperatures require shorter development times, while lower temperatures require longer times to prevent under-development.